free5GC Simple Apps
In this demo we will use free5GC together with UERANSIM to exercise on some simple network applications:
ping+tcpdumpwgetandcurl
ping + tcpdump
First start up free5GC and ueransim VMs. This requires one SSH terminal for free5gc, and two for ueransim.
Open another SSH terminal and log in into ueransim:
ssh 192.168.56.102 -l ubuntu
Use
ifconfig to check if uesimtun0 tunnel has been created, and use ping to check if we can ping through it：$ ping google.com
PING google.com (172.217.27.142) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.27.142): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=3.98 ms
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.27.142): icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=3.87 ms
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.27.142): icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=4.06 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.872/3.970/4.060/0.076 ms
$ ping -I uesimtun0 google.com
PING google.com (172.217.27.142) from 60.60.0.1 uesimtun0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.27.142): icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=5.85 ms
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.27.142): icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=4.87 ms
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.27.142): icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=4.76 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.760/5.160/5.847/0.487 ms
Also use route -n to observe if current routing table shows some routing rules regarding the two network interfaces enp0s3 and enp0s8:
$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 enp0s3
10.0.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 100 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
The network 10.0.2.0/24 and its enp0s3 interface are related to VirtualBox NAT network card. We can bring down this interface:
$ sudo ifconfig enp0s3 down
$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
As shown aboe we have only Host-only network
192.168.56.0/24 left. Run ping again:$ ping 8.8.8.8
ping: connect: Network is unreachable
And see that it can not ping through, but runing:
$ ping -I uesimtun0 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) from 60.60.0.1 uesimtun0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=7.17 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=5.41 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=5.15 ms
^C
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.150/5.907/7.165/0.895 ms
shows some responses, since we ask ping to go through the free5GC core network. To make ping 8.8.8.8 in addition to ping -I uesimtun0 8.8.8.8 work, we can set the uesimtun0 interface (IP 60.60.0.1) as the new default gateway:
$ sudo ip r add default dev uesimtun0
$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 uesimtun0
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
Now traffic not for the
192.168.56.0/24 network will go to uesimtun0, and ping 8.8.8.8 works this time:$ ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=5.02 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=6.31 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=5.41 ms
^C
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.017/5.581/6.312/0.541 ms
...
Note that normally we are using ueransim to simulate “terminal” UE device, not as a network device or proxy, therefore the above two routing rules suffice.
Now if we still want to run:
$ ping google.com
ping: google.com: Temporary failure in name resolution
we will get unresolved domain name. To solve this, we can modify the file /etc/resolv.conf:
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
and change the nameserver IP to 8.8.8.8:
nameserver 8.8.8.8
After the change, we can see ping getting responses:
$ ping google.com
PING google.com (216.58.200.46) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tsa01s08-in-f46.1e100.net (216.58.200.46): icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=5.19 ms
64 bytes from tsa01s08-in-f46.1e100.net (216.58.200.46): icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=50.4 ms
64 bytes from tsa01s08-in-f46.1e100.net (216.58.200.46): icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=5.66 ms
^C
--- google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.191/20.423/50.414/21.207 ms
We can also examine the network traffic happening underneath in the scenario above. First we open another SSH terminal into ueransim, and run the following command:
$ sudo tcpdump -n -i any host 60.60.0.1 or 192.168.56.101
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked v1), capture size 262144 bytes
then run ping 8.8.8.8 again, wait for a couple seconds, then Ctrl-C to exit. We see the data packets actually going in and out uesimtun0.
$ sudo tcpdump -n -i any host 60.60.0.1 or 192.168.56.101
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked v1), capture size 262144 bytes
10:24:56.138729 IP 192.168.56.101.38412 > 192.168.56.102.38740: sctp (1) [HB REQ]
10:24:56.138783 IP 192.168.56.102.38740 > 192.168.56.101.38412: sctp (1) [HB ACK]
10:24:58.456532 IP 60.60.0.1 > 8.8.8.8: ICMP echo request, id 33, seq 1, length 64
10:24:58.457416 IP 192.168.56.102.2152 > 192.168.56.101.2152: UDP, length 100
10:24:58.462136 IP 192.168.56.101.2152 > 192.168.56.102.2152: UDP, length 92
10:24:58.462324 IP 8.8.8.8 > 60.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 33, seq 1, length 64
10:24:59.458823 IP 60.60.0.1 > 8.8.8.8: ICMP echo request, id 33, seq 2, length 64
10:24:59.459031 IP 192.168.56.102.2152 > 192.168.56.101.2152: UDP, length 100
10:24:59.464214 IP 192.168.56.101.2152 > 192.168.56.102.2152: UDP, length 92
10:24:59.464396 IP 8.8.8.8 > 60.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 33, seq 2, length 64
10:25:00.461293 IP 60.60.0.1 > 8.8.8.8: ICMP echo request, id 33, seq 3, length 64
10:25:00.462178 IP 192.168.56.102.2152 > 192.168.56.101.2152: UDP, length 100
10:25:00.474941 IP 192.168.56.101.2152 > 192.168.56.102.2152: UDP, length 92
10:25:00.475561 IP 8.8.8.8 > 60.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 33, seq 3, length 64
10:25:01.463946 IP 60.60.0.1 > 8.8.8.8: ICMP echo request, id 33, seq 4, length 64
10:25:01.464523 IP 192.168.56.102.2152 > 192.168.56.101.2152: UDP, length 100
10:25:01.469297 IP 192.168.56.101.2152 > 192.168.56.102.2152: UDP, length 92
10:25:01.470314 IP 8.8.8.8 > 60.60.0.1: ICMP echo reply, id 33, seq 4, length 64
wget
Simply look for any web page for file download on the web. For example, if we choose Golang web site as an example, we may find the URL:
https://golang.org/dl/go1.15.8.darwin-amd64.pkg
Using the same network settings is the previous exercise, just
wget https://golang.org/dl/go1.15.8.darwin-amd64.pkg
And see if you can download a Golang 1.15.8 install file.
ptt (ssh bbsu@ptt.cc)
You can actually use SSH in the ueransim VM to access remote site. For example, you can SSH to a well-known terminal-based BBS site in Taiwan:
ssh bbsu@ppt.cc
Youtube
You can also use Youtube as an example app. To achieve this goal, you can install a desktop VM with graphical UI, such as Ubuntu Desktop, and follow the same procedure to install and start up UERANSIM, then access Youtube through uesimtun0 and free5GC.
To reduce resource consumption on your host machine, you may install Lubuntu (at https://lubuntu.me), a more light-weight Ubuntu desktop distro instead. But since viewing free5GC YouTube Channel requires quite sime CPU consumption, you may have to set at least 2 CPUs and 2048 MB memory for the VM.
Refer to videos Access Youtube on Lubuntu (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5).